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Sicily (theme)
The Theme of Sicily ((ギリシア語:θέμα Σικελίας) - ''Thema Sikelias'') was a Byzantine military-civilian province (''thema'', theme) existing from the late 7th to the 10th century, encompassing the island of Sicily and the region of Calabria in the Italian mainland. Following the Muslim conquest of Sicily, from 902 the theme was limited to Calabria, but retained its original name until the middle of the 10th century.
==History==
Ever since its reconquest from the Ostrogoths by Belisarius in 535–536, Sicily had formed a distinct province under a ''praetor'', while the army was placed under a ''dux''.〔.〕〔.〕 A ''strategos'' (military governor) is attested on the island in Arab sources between 687 and 695, and it is at that time that the island was probably made into a theme.〔.〕
The theme was based in Syracuse, traditionally the chief city of Sicily. It comprised not only the island, which was divided into districts called ''tourmai'', but also the mainland duchy of Calabria (Greek: , ''doukaton Kalavrias''), which extended roughly up to the river Crati.〔〔.〕〔.〕 In addition, the ''strategos'' of Sicily exercised some authority—varying according to the prevailing local political faction—over the autonomous duchies of Naples, Gaeta and Amalfi.〔.〕
The Muslim conquest of the island began in 826. Following the fall of Syracuse in 878 and the conquest of Taormina in 902, the ''strategos'' moved to Rhegion, the capital of Calabria. During the first half of the 10th century, the Byzantines launched a number of failed expeditions to regain the island and maintained a few isolated strongholds near Messina until 965, when Rametta, the last Byzantine outpost, fell. The post of "''strategos'' of Sicily" was thus retained as the official title until the mid-10th century, when the "''strategos'' of Calabria" begins to appear in the lists.〔.〕〔.〕〔.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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